Undershot wheels are also well suited to installation on floating platforms. They are most suited to shallow streams in flat country.
Undershot wheels gain no advantage from head. It has the advantage of being cheaper and simpler to build, but is less powerful and can only be used where the flow rate is sufficient to provide torque. This is generally the least efficient, oldest type of wheel. In a sense it is the ancestor of the modern water turbine.Ī vertically-mounted water wheel that is rotated by water striking paddles or blades at the bottom of the wheel is said to be undershot.
This system is sometimes called the Norse mill. This is a simple system, usually used without gearing so that the axle of the waterwheel become the spindle of the mill. A jet of water is directed on to the paddles of the water wheel, causing them to turn. The wheel is usually mounted inside the mill building below the working floor. In the Scottish highlands and parts of southern Europe mills often used a horizontal wheel (with a vertical axle).īelow we detail the six types of water wheel design, showing a picture followed by the corresponding text. The water wheel design used most commonly in Great Britain and the United States was the vertical wheel rotating about a horizontal axle.
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